Real Python: Inheritance and Composition: A Python OOP Guide

Understanding inheritance and composition is crucial for effective object-oriented programming in Python. Inheritance models an "is a" relationship, where a derived class extends the functionality of a base class, while composition models a "has a" relationship, where a class contains objects of other classes to build complex structures. Both techniques promote code reuse but approach it differently. Composition is achieved by creating classes that contain objects of other classes, allowing for flexible designs and minimal impact from changes in component classes. Inheritance in Python is achieved by defining a class that derives from a base class, inheriting its interface and implementation. Multiple inheritance can be used to derive a class from more than one base class, but it requires careful handling of method resolution order. Composition and inheritance model relationships between classes, enabling code reuse in different ways. Inheritance models an "is a" relationship, allowing derived classes to extend base class functionality, while composition allows for flexible designs. Understanding how and when to apply each concept is key to leveraging the full power of Python's object-oriented programming capabilities. By exploring the differences between inheritance and composition, developers can choose the right approach for designing robust, maintainable Python applications.