cataract

The word cataract has two primary meanings: a clouding of the eye's lens and a large waterfall. The eye-related meaning is the oldest, dating back to the 14th century. It originates from the Latin word "cataracta," meaning "portcullis," due to its vision-obstructing nature. "Cataracta" also meant "waterfall" in Latin, giving rise to the water-related definitions. Both Latin meanings stem from the Greek "katarassein," meaning "to dash down." Cataracts in the eye are common and can be surgically corrected. The word cataract can also describe steep rapids or a heavy downpour. Examples show its usage in describing both eye conditions and majestic waterfalls. The word's history reveals a connection between obstructing vision and rushing water.