Coding Challenge Practice - Question 44

The function `elementAfter` aims to find the element directly after the last occurrence of a target number in a sorted array. The function employs a binary search algorithm to efficiently locate the target within the array. It initializes `left` and `right` pointers to define the search space. A `while` loop iterates as long as the `left` pointer is less than or equal to the `right` pointer, calculating the middle index. If the middle element matches the target, its index is stored, and the search continues on the right side. If the middle element is smaller than the target, the search focuses on the right half. Conversely, if it's larger, the search shifts to the left half. After the loop, if the target is not found, `undefined` is returned. The element immediately following the last occurrence of the target is returned, or `undefined` if the last occurence is at the end of the array or zero.