Four Key Steps to Confidential Smart Contract Execution

Confidential smart contracts run inside Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) to enable secure, private, and accountable operations like decentralized e-voting. This article outlines the four core phases—invocation, computation, consensus, and response—and uses a blockchain-based voting example to explain how these contracts safeguard sensitive data while maintaining auditability and trust. Public verifiability remains limited, but execution integrity is ensured within participating TEE nodes.