3 Must-Know File Permissions and Ownership Commands

Linux commands `chmod`, `chown`, and `chgrp` manage file permissions and ownership. `chmod` controls read, write, and execute access for file owners, groups, and others, using numeric or symbolic modes. Numeric mode assigns permissions using numbers (4, 2, 1 for read, write, execute), while symbolic mode uses u, g, o for user, group, others. `chown` changes file ownership, assigning a new owner or both owner and group. The `chown` command specifies the new owner and optionally a new group. `chgrp` alters the group associated with a file, granting access to a specific group. `chgrp` can be combined with `chown` for simultaneous ownership and group changes. Mastering these commands provides complete control over file access. Proper permission management is crucial for system security. Understanding these commands ensures secure and organized file systems. These three commands are essential for any Linux user.