C++ in Embedded Systems: Modern Practices for Resource-Constrained Environments

Embedded systems, found in devices like coffee makers and fitness trackers, rely on programming languages like C and C++. C++ has become a popular choice for embedded systems due to its efficiency and modern programming features. Modern C++ offers features like performance, abstractions, safety, and standard library goodies that make it an attractive choice. However, embedded systems have constraints like tiny memory, weak processors, real-time demands, and power stinginess. C++ features like smart pointers, constexpr, templates, and std::chrono can help overcome these challenges. Smart pointers can handle memory management, constexpr can perform calculations at compile time, templates can provide generic code, and std::chrono can provide real-time precision. Other C++ features like exceptions, RTTI, and dynamic allocation should be avoided in embedded systems. C++ can be used in conjunction with other tools like assembly and HDLs to create efficient and effective embedded system projects. To succeed in embedded system development, it is essential to keep memory static, use constexpr and templates smartly, and ditch exceptions and RTTI. By following these tips and using modern C++ features, developers can create efficient, safe, and fun projects.