Catalytic Channels Are the Only Noise-Robust Catalytic Processes

Author(s): Jeongrak Son, Ray Ganardi, Shintaro Minagawa, Francesco Buscemi, Seok Hyung Lie, and Nelly H. Y. Ng Catalysis refers to the possibility of enabling otherwise inaccessible quantum state transitions by supplying an auxiliary system, provided that the auxiliary is returned to its initial state at the end of the protocol. We show that previous studies on catalysis are largely impractical, because even… [Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 050202] Published Fri Feb 06, 2026