Customized composition of lithium metal solid-electrolyte interphase by electric field modulation of anion motion direction

High-voltage lithium-metal batteries face safety and stability challenges. Here, authors develop a non-flammable triethyl phosphate-based electrolyte using a triple-salt solute strategy to induce a bilayer solid electrolyte interphase, enabling long-term cycling of 4.5 V Li metal batteries.