Author(s): Minbo Gao, Zhengfeng Ji, and Chenghua Liu Simulation of open quantum systems is an area of active research in quantum algorithms. In this Letter, we revisit the connection between Markovian open-system dynamics and averages of Hamiltonian real-time evolutions, which we refer to as Hamiltonian twirling channels. By applying the Lévy-Khintchi… [Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 160405] Published Fri Oct 16, 2026