Battery life is crucial for user experience, and wake locks significantly impact it. Excessive partial wake lock usage is now a key performance indicator in Google Play Console's Android Vitals. This metric flags apps holding non-exempted wake locks for at least two hours within 24 hours, affecting over 5% of sessions for 28 days. Audio, location, and JobScheduler initiated APIs are exempted from this calculation.A wake lock allows an app to keep the device's CPU running when not in active use. Partial wake locks keep the CPU active even with the screen off, preventing low-power states. Improper or excessive wake lock use leads to significant battery drain and user complaints. Before acquiring a manual partial wake lock, consider alternatives like the "Keep Screen On" documentation or existing APIs.When manually acquiring wake locks, use descriptive, hardcoded string names without personally identifiable information or dynamic elements. It is vital to always release acquired wake locks to prevent battery drain, using try-finally blocks or timeouts. Reducing wake-up frequency through methods like WorkManager, SensorManager batching, or optimizing Fused Location Provider usage can also conserve battery.Debugging excessive wake locks begins with the Play Console, which breaks down wake lock names and affected sessions. For worker-held wake locks, use Android Studio's Background Task Inspector or WorkInfo.getStopReason() for in-field debugging. For other wake lock types, system trace collection using command-line tools, Android Studio Profiler, or Perfetto UI is recommended. Enabling the "power:PowerManagement" Atrace category is essential for viewing relevant data in system traces.Perfetto UI allows visual inspection of wake lock slices on a timeline, and SQL analysis can efficiently identify top contributors to excessive usage across multiple traces. For hard-to-reproduce issues, ProfilingManager (SDK 35+) provides programmatic control over in-field system trace collection. Properly understanding and implementing wake locks, adhering to best practices, and utilizing debugging tools are key to optimizing app battery performance.