Specific labeling of outer membrane vesicles with antibiotic-conjugated probe reveals early bacterial infections in blood

Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are nano-sized particles from Gram-negative bacteria, critical yet hard to identify in biological samples. Here, the authors show a method using a Polymyxin B-fluorescein probe to selectively label and quantify OMVs, distinguishing them from other vesicles for precise bacterial infection diagnosis.