Statistical Modeling, Causal Inference, and Social Science Follow The Desperation of Causal Inference in Ecology This post is by Lizzie. The Figure is take from Frank 2024. I was in a meeting a little over a year ago in which I asked a student to define causal inference. The definition he gave me focused on … https://statmodeling.stat.columbia.edu/2025/09/15/the-desperation-of-causal-inference-in-ecology/ statmodeling.stat.columbia.edu