Intel significantly outspent competitors on research and development in 2024. The company invested $16.5 billion in R&D, primarily for chip design, fabrication technology, and the Nova Lake architecture. This expenditure was 28% more than Nvidia and 156% more than AMD. However, when R&D spending is compared to net revenue, the picture changes. Intel spent 31% of its net revenue on R&D, while AMD spent 26%. In contrast, Nvidia and Samsung spent much less proportionally, at 10% and 4% of their revenue respectively. AMD reported spending $6.456 billion on R&D, and Nvidia spent $12.914 billion. Samsung Electronics, a non-US firm, spent approximately $9.5 billion on R&D. The substantial investment by companies with their own chip fabrication facilities highlights the cost associated with improving processor technology. These figures are derived from each company's 2024 financial results.