The U.S. military is implementing a new mandatory screening program to test service members for testosterone deficiency. This initiative aims to optimize troop performance and long-term health by addressing declining testosterone levels. Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth announced the program, emphasizing it's about restoring natural capabilities, not artificial enhancement. Effective immediately, all active duty and reserve personnel aged 30 and older will undergo this screening as part of their annual health assessment. Testosterone naturally depletes with age, potentially dropping 1% per year starting in the late thirties. Service members diagnosed with a deficiency may be offered testosterone replacement therapy, with a decision to accept treatment being voluntary. Experts note that testosterone therapy can offer benefits like improved mood and energy for those with a genuine need. However, potential risks include thickened blood, reduced fertility, and breast tissue growth, necessitating careful monitoring. This program aligns with broader efforts to increase access to testosterone replacement therapies. Some critics have drawn parallels to gender-affirming care, while others advocate for comprehensive hormone testing for fertility issues.