Chem. Commun., 2026, Accepted Manuscript DOI: 10.1039/D6CC02038K, Communication Mathias Hommelgaard , Roxy Lee, Greta Giarola , Andrey Shavorskiy, Robert Temperton, Christodoulos Chatzichristodoulou, Yang Hu Operando X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy has emerged as a powerful technique for probing the surface composition and chemical state of electrocatalysts under working conditions. In this study, we report a strategy...