Pope Leo XIV, an American citizen, made history by voting in the 2026 Illinois midterm elections via mail-in ballot. This marks the first time a sitting pope is known to have participated in an American election. The Holy See Press Office stated the pontiff believes in citizens' right and duty to engage in democratic processes. Pope Leo has consistently exercised his right to vote as a U.S. citizen whenever eligible. This practice extends back to his time living in Peru, where he also voted. His ballot for the Illinois election includes races for governor, the U.S. Senate seat, and a House contest. The pope has previously voted in both Democratic and Republican primaries over the past twenty years. His mail-in ballot is en route from Vatican City to Joliet, Illinois, where he is registered to vote. Earlier in the week, the pontiff met with advocates supporting immigrants. He has also publicly disagreed with certain U.S. political figures on issues like foreign policy and immigration.