Unveiling structural forms of Ru in WOx-template catalysts for efficient acidic PEM water electrolysis

Chem. Sci., 2026, Advance Article DOI: 10.1039/D5SC09860B, Edge Article Xiongfeng Zeng, Ao Cai, Junhui Pei, GuiXin Liu, WenLu Li, Xiaoman Xiong, Ding Zhou, Na Yao This study reveals a strong Ru structural effect. Subnanometer Ru clusters (RuSNCs-WOx) regulate interfacial water via d–π coupling, promoting water dissociation and *OH formation, and then facilitates *O–*O coupling.